论决策的价值取向、价值冲突与平衡机制

On Value Orientation,Value Conflicts and Balancing Mechanism of Decision Making

决策是决策主体以某种价值观念为取向而作出的判断和行动。基于价值取向不同,决策可分为追求某一种价值的单一决策和统筹考虑两种以上价值的综合决策。决策中的价值冲突在所难免,冲突的根源在于保全与割舍价值的两难选择。平衡价值冲突需要建构平衡机制,其要义是价值排序、敢舍善得、优先保全,其中价值排序可参考自主原则或大局原则。判断决策正确与否,主要看决策的行为后果与优先级别的价值取向是否一致。只有领会应用决策之要义,才能不断创造辉煌。

Decision making is the judgment and action made by the decision making subject based on certain values. Decision making can be categorized into two types according to its value orientation, i.e. single decision that pursues a certain kind of value and synthesized decision that is made by taking more than two values into consideration. Value conflicts are inevitable in decision making and its root cause is the dilemma of whether to maintain or give up certain values. We need to set up a balancing mechanism to balance value conflicts, the essentials of which are value prioriti- zation, dare to give up and obtain, and giving priority to value maintaining. Value prioritization can be done by refer- ring to the principle of independency or the principle of considering overall situation. To judge whether the decision is appropriate, we can see if the consequence of such decision tallies with the prioritized value orientation.