非熟练双语者言语产生中非目标语言的激活范围

Activation of Non-target words During Chinese-English Bilinguals'Language Production

采用图-图干扰范式来考察非熟练中-英双语者言语产生中非目标语言的激活范围。实验1探讨用汉语命名时,干扰图的英语名称能否得以激活。结果发现,干扰图的词汇熟悉度高时,音译词的反应时显著长于音韵无关词,而熟悉度低时,二者无显著差异,说明在一语的产生过程中只能激活二语中高熟悉的非目标词。实验2探讨用英语命名时,干扰图的汉语名称能否激活。结果发现,不论熟悉度高还是低,音译词的反应时均显著长于音韵无关词,说明在二语的产生过程中会激活一语中的非目标词。总的结果说明,非熟练中-英双语者在言语产生过程中非目标语言中的非目标词也会激活,并且激活范围既受非目标语言的熟练程度的影响,也受非目标词熟悉度的影响。

Whether words within the lexicon of the non-used language are activated during language production is an important question in bilingual research. Prior studies have not led to conclusive results in this question, because activation could have been artificially induced by the experiment paradigms and nothing is known about the activation of non-target words in the non-used language. Colom6 and Miozzo （2010） used a suitable paradigm-- picture-picture interference paradigm to study this issue. They found that for proficient bilinguals, non-target words were activated in the non-used language. But, whether co-activation can be found while less-proficient bilinguals use their first language or second language was still in debates. Moreover, if the co-activation could be found, it is clear that second language words＇ familiarity has regulated the activation. This will be an important finding in bilingual language production. Here, picture-picture interference paradigm was used to investigate to what extent non-target words are activated in less-proficient Chinese-English bilinguals during language production. Experiment 1 was designed to examine whether the English names of distracter pictures could be activated when participants were required to name the target pictures in Chinese, which is their first language. The results demonstrated that non-target words of high familiarity can be activated in less-proficient Chinese-English bilinguals, but not those of low familiarity. Experiment 2 explored whether the Chinese names of distracter pictures would be activated when participants were asked to name target pictures in English, which is their second language. The finding was that the non-target words can be activated regardless of their familiarity. Overall, these findings demonstrated that lessproficient bilinguals were affected by their familiarity of non-target words as well as language proficiency in both languages during language production.