美国民事没收制度的启示——兼评新《刑事诉讼法》中违法所得的没收程序

Enlightenment of the United States Civil Forfeiture——Reviewing the Illegal Income Forfeiture Procedure in the New Criminal Procedural Law

近年来,美国民事没收制度在打击腐败犯罪、有组织犯罪和毒品犯罪等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,最终成了独立没收制度的起源,许多国家也在结合本国国情的基础上确立了具有本国特色的独立没收制度。我国2012年修改的刑事诉讼法增加了类似于独立没收制度的违法所得的没收程序,基于此,通过分析美国民事没收制度,可以对完善这个新增的程序起到重要的作用。

In recent years, the United States civil forfeiture plays a more important role in fighting with corrupt crimes, organized crime, drug crimes. As a result, it becomes the source of the independent forfeiture system. Many countries have established independent forfeiture system according to their national conditions. Our country also adopts it in the course of the amendment of criminal procedural law. Therefore, it will be beneficial to the improvement of the new procedure by analyzing the United States civil forfeiture system.