旅游能消除贫困吗?

Can Tourism Eliminate Poverty?

在贫富差距日益拉大的今天,越来越多的学者将目光对准了迅猛发展的旅游业。许多国家或地区相信旅游代表着发展,同时也能消除贫困,但实际情况如何呢。本文通过文献分析来探讨旅游确实对消除贫困有作用吗?如果有,旅游又是怎样消除贫困?本文发现,(1)旅游有消除贫困的潜力,但必须了解旅游项目建立的目的是什么。发展并不意味着消除贫困,因为消除贫困还意味着居民收入增加、参与机会增多以及自主管理能力增强。(2)旅游对目的地宏观经济有促进作用,但也可能导致经济漏损。(3)社区研究主要出现在生态旅游与社区旅游中,但没有证据证明社区收入因为旅游而改善;收入高的居民在旅游活动中能获得高的收入分配,而收入低的居民分得的旅游收益也低并更易受旅游衰退的影响。(4)欠发达地区旅游目的地居民在发展旅游之初以非正规部门的方式参与旅游,但随着旅游发展的深化,生活空间被挤压,便越来越少的参与旅游活动了。(5)在本地旅游市场是否要加入全球贸易市场问题上学界存在争议,政府在自主经营中应注意政策变化并加强与社区沟通。

Today, as the gap between rich and poor is becoming wider and wider, more and more scholars pay attention to the rapid development of the tourism industry. Many countries believe tourism represents the development, and also can eliminate poverty. This article through the literature review discusses if tourism can eliminate poverty really If can, how？ This paper found that （1） tourism have the potential to eliminate poverty, but at first it must be realized what is the purpose tourism project established. Sometimes, development does not mean eliminate poverty, because eliminate poverty also means income increase, participation opportunities increase and independent management ability enhancement. （2） Tourism has promoting function to the destination macroeconomie, but may lead to economic leakage. （3） Community studies mainly appear in ecological tourism and community tourism, but there is no evidence that income from tourism can lead to the improvement of the community. People originally having high income may get higher income from tourism activities, but the inhabitants of low income share the low tourism income and are more vulnerable in the recession of tourism. （4） In undeveloped tourism destination, at the beginning locals participate in tourism through informal departments, with the development of tourism, less and less locals participate in tourism activities. （5） about the question ＂Is it necessary for the local tourism market to join the global trade market？＂ Scholars are in the dispute, the government in independent operation should pay attention to the policy changes and strengthen communication with community.