碳同位素技术在碳质气溶胶源解析中应用的研究进展

The Use of Carbon Isotope Analysis in Source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols: A Reivew

概述了国内外14C和13C技术在大气碳质气溶胶源解析中应用的研究进展,指出14C在碳质气溶胶源解析研究中具有不可替代的独特优势,联合采用14C和13C技术有利于解决多种排放源的区分问题;随着碳质气溶胶组分分离技术的进步,对有机碳(OC)和黑碳(BC)等组分中14C的研究获得重要进展;除需深入研究13C的分馏机制外,建立各种排放源在不同区域的δ13C值域"特征谱"的重要性也日益突出;结合14C和13C以外的其他示踪剂、模型和分析方法将提供更多关于气溶胶来源的信息,并减小来源贡献率估算的不确定性。

The observation and source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols is one of the focus of studies in the current scientific community. Radioactive （14C） and stable （13C） carbon isotopes have become useful tools in the source apportionment studies for carbonaceous aerosols. In this paper, we review the recent development of car- bon isotope techniques, and explore its potential to be used for source apportionment for carbonaceous aerosols. It was pointed out that 14C has unique advantages in the quantitative distinguishment between fossil fuel and contempo- rary biomass combustion sources of atmospheric Organic Carbon （OC） and Black Carbon （ BC）, and that the com- bined 14C-13C analysis can better constrain the sources of carbonaceous aerosols. Recent progress towards isolating OC and BC from other components of the particles has made it appicable to perform 14C measurements for OC and BC seperately. As for 13C, it was proposed that while it is very important to investigate the isotopic fractionation mechanism of c313C values of the carbonaceous aerosols, a regional （313C signature map for the carbonacoues aerosols should be biult up aiming to facilitate explaining the 813C variations and hence constraining the emisson sources. Future research that uses these carbon isotope techniques, in conjunction with other means such as Chemical Mass Balance （CMB） receptor models, statistical methods, air trajectory analysis and remote sensing, can provide un- precedented new insights into the sources and chemical characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols.