密教双身图像研究——以丹丹乌里克木板画为引子

Tantric Imagery of Two Deities in Union:Starting with a Wood Engraving from Dandan Oilik

本文通过回顾学术史,讨论了以往学者对于早期双身像的研究和成果,认为所谓早期的双身像不过是印度教天神的形象,与佛教的密教像无关。结合唐译毗那夜迦经典和后期藏译母续怛特罗文献,本文讨论了真正的双身概念是合抱交合状,并对佛教图像志中真正意义的双身像的出现年代作出了判定。

By reviewing previous researches, this article points out that early imagery of ＂two deities in union＂ [shuangshen]is in fact images of Hindu deities and should not be associated with Tantric Buddhism. Based on scriptures on Vighnayaka that were translated into Chinese in the Tang dynasty and mother tantras translated into Tibetan, the author clarifies that shuangshen in a real sense refers to a sexual embracing posture （dvimukba/ yab-yurn）. The author also gives dates of the emergence of real sbuangsben images in Buddhism.