机械故障诊断基础研究“何去何从”

Basic Research on Machinery Fault Diagnosis—What is the Prescription

机械故障诊断是一门起源于20世纪60年代的新兴学科,其突出特点是理论研究与工程实际应用紧密结合。该学科经过半个世纪的发展逐渐成熟,在信号获取与传感技术、故障机理与征兆联系、信号处理与诊断方法、智能决策与诊断系统等方面形成较完善的理论体系,涌现了如全息谱诊断、小波有限元裂纹动态定量诊断等原创性理论成果,在机械、冶金、石化、能源和航空等行业取得了大量卓有成效的工程应用。但是,该学科也还存在着故障机理研究不足、诊断方法有限和智能诊断系统薄弱等问题。今后机械故障诊断学科的基础研究和源头探索究竟应该如何开展,未来的发展方向是怎样,将是一个非常急切且需要深入探讨的问题。在对国内外机械故障诊断学科基础理论和工程实际应用研究现状分析的基础上,指出目前该学科基础研究存在的问题和今后研究突破的方向。

From the 1960s, the machinery fault diagnosis has rapidly developed as an emerging subject, whose prominent feature lies in close combination of theoretical research and engineering practical application. Over the past half a century, the machinery fault diagnosis has been developed into its maturity, which results in relatively comprehensive theoretical framework on signal acquisition and sensing technology, fault mechanism and symptom relationship, signal processing and diagnosis method as well as intelligent decision and diagnosis system. This subject has also made several original theoretical achievements, such as holospectrum diagnosis and crack dynamic quantitative diagnosis with wavelet finite element. Meanwhile, it has been effectively implemented in a number of engineering applications, such as machinery, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, energy and aviation, etc. However, there still exist some shortcomings in this subject, such as research blanks in fault mechanism, limitation in diagnosis methods, weakness in intelligent diagnosis equipment. Therefore, how to develop the basic research and explore the source of machinery fault diagnosis？ What are development directions in the future？ These are urgent problems needed to be addressed. Based on the review of the recent researches on basic theory of machinery fault diagnosis and its engineering practical application at home and abroad, the deficiency of the basic research and the breakthrough potentials of machinery fault diagnosis are presented.