变奏曲:审美现代性与文化现代性

Variation:Aesthetic Modernity and Cultural modernity

马尔库塞认为,艺术的职责是反抗和拒绝社会,而文化肯定着现代性,或压制人们,或重建社会,即审美现代性与文化现代性演奏着"变奏曲"。此变奏曲形成的原因,在于艺术坚守着批判职责,而文化随着社会的全面管制而退变为秩序的维护者,从而艺术与文化之间由和谐转变为对抗。此变奏曲拥有一个永恒主题——人的幸福,实现幸福的重任依靠艺术和文化,它们通过激发人的潜能而重建人格,进而重建社会。

Marcuse believes that art has a duty to defy and refuse society, while culture may confirm modernity, or it may suppress human or reconstruct society. Therefore, Aesthetic modernity and Cultural modernity come into a variation. The cause of variation is that art perseveres critical duty while culture has degenerated into the defender of order as society is comprehensively controlled. Thus the relationship between art and culture has changed from harmony to confrontation. The variation has an eternal theme ＂the happiness of human beings＂. The realization of happiness calls for art and culture, because they can inspire human potential, reconstruct personality and the reconstruct society.