4个番红花品种引种湖南地区的物候期及生长特性观察

Observation of Phenophase and Growth Characteristics on Different Crocus Varieties in Hunan Area

为了研究番红花的栽培技术，对从荷兰引进的4个番红花品种在湖南地区的物候期、观赏特性和生长状况进行了调查分析，调查结果表明，4个番红花品种的耐寒性较强，出苗期均在2月上中旬，叶片展开期多集中在2月16日-24日；自鳞茎出苗2-3叶丛，每丛有叶2～15片，叶片线性，无柄，多数植株长12～30cm，宽0．4～1．0cm。花朵现色期为3月初，第一朵花的开花期均在3月中上旬，各品种的开花持续时间为19—24d；单花顶生，花茎长度4．9—6-8cm，颜色艳丽，有香味。花瓣数6，倒卯圆形，4个品种颜色分别呈淡紫色、紫红色、白色及橙黄色，花冠直径2．5～4cm，花被长3~4．5cm，雄蕊直立，3枚，长1～2cm，花药黄色，顶端尖，略弯曲，雌蕊1枚，花柱3深裂，可伸到花瓣外部，柱头顶端略大，呈喇叭形，长3～4cm。4个品种均可以分生出籽球，其中，‘花仙子’、‘珍妮’、‘黄色精灵’的籽球分生能力较强，分生率均达60％以上，籽球直径较母球均有减小。因此认为，番红花可作为早春花卉在湖南地区种植。

In this paper, the phenological phase, ornamental characteristics and growth status of 4 crocus varieties in Hunan area were investigated and analyzed. The results revealed that 4 crocus varieties had strong cold tolerance. The seedling stage was in the early of February, the leaf expansion period was more concentrated in the February 16th to 24th, 2 foliage was outgrew from each bulb, each bundle with leaf blade 2 -15, those leaves were sessile and linear, most of them were 12 -30 cm length, 0.4 -1.0 cm width. The time of the flowers coloration was in early March. The first flower＇s blossom period was in early March and each variety groups＇ blossom time was 19-24, the 4 crocus species all had a specific aromatic odor. A single flower was growing on top of the plant, the length of the flowering stems was 4.9-6.8 cm, which has a bright color and a great ornamental property, they had 6 obo- vate-long petals, the amount of flora of all varieties was 1-2, the colors were purple, purple-red, white and orange-yellow, the diam- eter of most flora was 2.5-4 cm, 3-4.5 cm length, 3 Stamens, erect, 1 ~2 cm long. The color of the anthers was yellow, pointed top, slightly curved. 1 pistil, 3 styles, cracked greatly, 3 ~4 cm length, could extend to the outer of petals. The 4 cuhivars could breed seed ball, in which, ＇Jeanne＇, ＇ yellow elves＇ had the strongest ability of breeding seed ball, with the rate of more than 60%. The seed balls of 4 crocus species had much more little than mother balls. We could concluded that crocus could be cultivated as an early spring flower in Hunan area.