美国军事放射性废物监管与处置

The Supervision and Disposal of US Military Radioactive Waste

军事放射性废物的监管与处置是军队放射性污染防治工作的重要内容,研究并借鉴外军先进的监管经验和处置技术,对实现我军放射性废物科学监管和合理处置具有重要作用。以美国军事放射性废物为研究对象,深入分析了其概念与分类、监管机制、技术与设施保障体系;发现美军在放射性废物监管与处置方面具有严格的管理体制、完备的法律规章、注重开发先进处置技术等特点。为加强我军放射性废物监管与处置水平,应当注意三个方面的问题:加强技术创新,建立科学有效的监管体系,开发相关固化材料与技术。

The supervision and disposal of military radioactive waste are important contents of military radioactive pollution protection. Researching on and learning from foreign armies＇ advanced supervision experience and disposal technology will be greatly useful to bring the supervision and disposal of PLA＇ s radioactive waste into a more scientific and reasonable direction. This article analyzes the concept and classification, supervision mechanism, technology and facility security system of the US military ra- dioactive waste. Generally speaking, the advantages of the supervision and disposal of US military radioactive waste include strict management mechanism, complete laws and regulations, and emphatic exploration of advanced disposal technology. In order to en- hance PLA＇ s level of supervision and disposal of radioactive waste, three constructive suggestions are put forward, which include strengthening technology creation, constructing efficient system of the supervision and disposal of radioactive waste, and developing the relative solidified material and technology.