心脏瓣膜病手术患者Ⅰ期心脏康复训练及护理

Phrase Ⅰ of Cardiac Rehabilitation for and Nursing Care of Patients with Heart Valve Surgery

入选2011年6月—2012年6月行心脏瓣膜手术47例患者,在常规护理的基础上增加Ⅰ期心脏康复治疗。采用美国心脏协会推荐的心脏康复7步法配合日常生活训练,同时给予系列健康教育。本组100%患者在术后24～48 h,能在床上做主动及被动四肢运动;95%患者术后5～6 d能进行椅上活动,尝试自行到洗手间解大、小便;91%患者术后8～10 d可到洗手间进行各种清洗,恢复日常生活活动。本组实施康复锻炼过程中,13例患者心脏康复运动从第5步跨到第7步;5例患者从第3步跨到第5步;2例患者于术后第10天急性心功能衰竭发作,病情稳定后,康复运动从第5步倒退到第3步,但都能完成全部康复步骤。没有1例出现急性心功能衰竭发作或伤口裂开、大出血等并发症。认为康复运动七步法能帮助患者尽快恢复身心健康,改善术后心脏功能;但在实施过程中,离不开护士的专业支持与监测,既要细心观察、灵活掌握训练方法,又要了解患者的心理,在保障安全的前提下,及时鼓励和帮助患者。

This paper introduced phrase I of cardiac rehabilitation for 47 patients undergoing heart valve surgery from June 2011 to June 2012. In addition to routine nursing, phrase I of Cardiac rehabilitation was introduced. The seven-steps of cardiac rehabilitation recommended by American Heart Association with daily activity training and a set of health education were offered to the patients. Most patients after the rehabilitation training could perform their daily life and no severe complications occurred by rehabilitation training. Thus, the patients can not only improve their heart functions after surgery and prevent postoperative complications but shorten the hospital stay and then improve their quality of life.