加餐干预与饮食强化指导在老年糖尿病患者自我管理中的应用

Diet Intervention in Self-management of Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

目的对老年糖尿病患者实施加餐干预和饮食强化指导,探索其在老年糖尿病患者自我管理中的应用价值。方法选择在内分泌科住院的老年糖尿病患者21例,实施加餐饮食干预和强化教育,按照控制食物总热卡的原则,把水果和牛奶作为加餐之用,指导正确的食用,将行为改变策略纳入其中,实施床边监督执行,让家属参与共同督促,观察支持效果及其对患者自我管理能力的影响。结果在加餐干预与饮食强化指导前、后,患者的糖尿病饮食知识、饮食行为及低血糖发生率相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年糖尿病患者实施加餐干预和饮食强化指导,采用行为改变理论,注重家庭支持系统,有利于提高饮食教育效果,减少低血糖的发生率,提高综合治疗的依从性和安全性,提高患者的自我管理能力。

Objective To explore the application of diet intervention by snacks and diet guidance in self-management of elderly patients with diabetes. Methods Diet interventions by snacks and diet guidance were implemented among 21 elderly hospitalized patients with diabetes. According to the principle of controlling food total calory, fruit and milk were taken as snacks meanwhile diet guidance was provided for patients and their family members. Results There were obvious differences after diet intervention in the diabetic dietary knowledge, dietary behavior and the incidence of hypoglycemia, all of which had statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Snacks and diet guidance and supports from family are beneficial to improving the effect of diet education, reducing the incidence of hypoglycemia and eventually enhancing patients＇ compliance and self-management ability.