上海社区中老年人群膳食模式及影响因素分析

Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged and Elderly People in Shanghai Community and Influencing Factors

目的:分析上海社区中老年人群的膳食模式及其影响因素。方法:采用调查问卷收集上海市社区45—85岁中老年人的社会人口状况、体力活动和食物摄入情况。通过因子分析提取出膳食模式并通过Logistic回归分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果:2 325名研究对象提取出3种膳食模式:健康膳食模式(40.4%)、传统膳食模式(34.4%)和西方化膳食模式(25.2%)。在职、家庭收入较高、有糖尿病家族史的中老年人更多采用采用西方化膳食模式,教育程度和家庭收入较低的中老年男性更多采用传统膳食模式,而离退休、教育水平较高的中老年女性更多采用健康膳食模式。结论:上海市社区中老年人群中存在3种不同的膳食模式,性别、职业、经济条件、教育水平等是膳食模式的主要影响因素。

[Objective] To identify dietary patterns of middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai community, and analyzed the influencing factors. [Method] A total of 2 525 individuals 45 to 85 years old participated in this study. The information of participants＇ socio-demographic status, food intakes and physical activities were collected via questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns and Logistic regression was used to analysis the influencing factors. [Result] Three evident dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis in these 2 325 participants including healthy （40. 4% of total population）, traditional （34. 4% ） and western （25.2%） . Employed, wealthier elderly people and those who had family history of diabetes were more likely to follow western patterns. Men with lower education and income levels were likely to follow the traditional patterns. Retired women with higher education levels were likely to follow the healthy patterns. [Conclusion]There were three dietary patterns among middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai. Gender, employment, the levels of education and income were the independent influencing factors.