鹿、羊作为脊椎内固定动物模型的可行性研究

The feasibility of vertebral internal fixation using deer and sheep as animal models

目的通过测量和比较鹿、羊与人腰椎形态学参数及生物力学参数,探讨梅花鹿作为脊椎内固定动物模型的可行性,并为相关医学研究和体内动物实验提供实验动物腰椎的形态学参数、骨密度和生物力学数据。方法选取新鲜鹿、羊腰椎各20套,新鲜东北男性尸体腰椎10套,观测3组腰椎椎体和椎弓根形态学特征,测量椎体松质骨密度和生物力学参数,并对各组间测量数据进行比较。结果鹿、羊腰椎均为背楔形;鹿、羊与人的椎体及椎孔横矢径指数均小于0.8,为三角形;而羊椎体及椎孔横与人的更接近。鹿、羊椎弓根均为板状,鹿更接近于人类。人类、鹿、羊腰椎上、下终板曲率半径随着腰椎序数的增加而逐渐增大,鹿和羊的上、下终板曲率半径均无差异(均P>0.05)。鹿腰椎中层曲率半径均大于上、下终板曲率半径,由L1至L5大致呈下降趋势(P>0.05)。羊腰椎中层曲率半径的变化趋势及与上、下终板曲率半径的关系与人类相似,且与鹿相比较,羊腰椎中层曲率半径更加接近于人类(P>0.05)。人腰椎正位曲率半径由L1至L5大致呈上升趋势,羊腰椎正位曲率半径更接近与人类(P>0.05)。鹿、羊与人表观密度各组间比较均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中人最小,鹿次之,羊最大(P<0.05)。鹿、羊与人腰椎运动单位的屈伸运动范围各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中人最大,鹿次之,羊最小(P<0.05)。结论梅花鹿、羊腰椎在解剖学形态、密度和生物力学方面与人均有良好的相似性。

Objective The object of this paper is to determine the feasibility of vertebral internal fixation using deer and sheep as animal models on Inorphologic and biomeehanical data by comparing those data of human,and provide the morphological parameters, bone density, and biomechanical data of laboratory animals for related medical research. Methods 30 sets of fresh sika deer lumbar,30 sets of fresh sheep lumbar,and 20 sets of fresh lumbar of male cadavers were selected as the materials for our research. We adopted morphological observation upon centra and pedicles of the 3 sample groups, and measured the cancellous bone density and biomeehanical properties and compared the results. Results Deer,sheep lumbar spine are the back wedge;deer, sheep,and human vertebrae and foramen transverse radius vector index were less than 0.8,and triangle. Sheep was closer to people. Deer and sheep pedicle were plate,and the deer was closer to the people. The upper and lower Endplate curvature radius values of human, deer,and sheep showed gradually increasing trends with increasing vertebral ordinal number. The upper and lower Endplate curvature radius values of deer and sheep were not significantly different （P^0.05）. In deer, the middle Vertebral curvature radius values were larger than the upper and lower Endplate curvature,and gradually decreased from L1 to L5 （P〉0.05）. The sheep lum- bar spine was similar to human in the variation tendency of the middle Vertebral curvature radius and the relationship between the upper and lower Endplate curvature. Compared to deer, the middle Vertebral curvature of sheep lumbar spine was closer to that of human （P〉 0.05）. The vertebral positive curvature radius values in human showed a rough- ly The vertebral positive curvature radius of sheep was closer to that of human than was the deer（P^0.05）. The ap- parent density showed remarkable differences, among which sheep＇s are the largest,deer＇s are next to sheep＇s,and hu- man＇s are the smallest. Comparing the range of motion （ROM） of functional lumbar units（FLUs） with a combined flexion-extension moment, there are remarkable differences （P〈0.05）, among which human＇ s are the largest, deer＇ s are next to human＇s,and sheep＇s are the smallest（P〈0.05）. Conclusion deer,sheep lumbar spine in the anatomical shape ,density and biomechanical, aspects had a good similarity with human. We provided the theoretical basis of the ani mal anatomy and biomechanics for the sudy of the fixed model of the spine.