不同堆肥及其制成低浓度复混肥的环境和蔬菜效应的研究

Effects of Composting Organic Compound Fertilizers on Vegetables and Soil Environment

利用农业秸秆和畜禽粪便、城市生活垃圾和人粪尿进行堆肥 ,同时将所堆制出的垃圾肥与无机N ,P ,K化肥按一定比例制成适应特定作物的低浓度有机无机复混肥。通过复混肥磷的释放、对地下水硝酸盐影响的模拟试验及蔬菜的生物效应和土壤培肥效应等研究 ,比较了几种堆肥和制成复混肥的差异。研究结果表明 :低浓度复混肥从1m高的土柱淋失的硝酸盐数量较相同养分施用量的化肥小得多 ,低浓度复混肥磷释放的速率较等含量磷的普钙要小 ,复混肥较垃圾肥对蔬菜具有明显的减少硝酸盐含量积累的效果 ,利用垃圾堆肥和化肥制成颗粒复混肥较直接施用垃圾肥具有培肥土壤减少污染的作用。

An experiment was conducted to study release of phosphorus, possible influence of nitrate to underground water, effects of vegetable (Cabbage) and soil. The organic compound with 15% of N, P2O5 and K2O contents was made by compost of municipal waste and animal manure. The result shown that organic compound fertilizer had a very low leaching rate of nitrate from model column filled by 1 m depth soil than chemical fertilizer with same nutrient content. There was a lower releasing rate of phosphorus than that of calcium superphosphate under the same phosphorus content. Organic compound fertilizer had an obvious effect in reducing accumulation of nitrate in cabbage compared with N chemical fertilizer. At the same time, organic compound fertilizer exhibited a remarkable function in terms of increasing soil fertility.