论上古兵家文献的文体意义——兼论《军志》的格言体性质

A Study of the Stylistic Sense of the Ancient Military Literature——Also discussing the Proverbs Characteristics of Junzhi

春秋时代,开始出现专门记录军事原则和作战经验的兵书《军志》《军政》《令典》等,虽然这些著作都已经亡佚,但为中国传统兵学的形成奠定了基础。以"志"命名的史书在某种程度上可以看做上古格言汇编,从而推测出来《军志》这一现存最早的上古兵家文献是军事格言的汇编。根据格言的来源和文化背景看,格言不仅仅是单纯的语录性质的语言单位,而且完全具有文学作品的典型特征。《军志》的格言体特征与当时的时代风尚相关,当时流传的《老子》《逸周书.周祝》《文子.符言》等文献均以哲理格言形态呈现。兵书的口耳相传和相互传抄等传播方式,也进一步确认了《军志》的格言体性质。上古军事格言是古代军事家展现军事才能的标志,是他们智慧的结晶。

In the period of Spring and Autumn, J unzhi, Junzheng and Lingdian were puDnsnea as mnnary books recording military principles and war experiences. Though these books were lost, they still formed the foundation of Chinese traditional military science. The history books named Zhi can be seen as pro verbs compilation,so Junzhi is the earliest extant ancient literature about military proverbs. According to the proverb sources and cultural backgrounds, proverbs are not only pure scription of words but also have the typical characteristics of literature. The proverbs characteristics of Junzhi have associated with the era fashion, in which Laozi, Yizhoushu Zhou Zhu, Wen Zi Fu Yah and other literatures are all philo sophical proverbs. The dissemination ways of military literature by oral and free copying are also the rea sons of proverbs characteristics. Ancient military proverbs are signs for ancient militarists to show military talents, which is a result of their wisdom.