汉灵关新考:兼论灵关道的走向及相关地理问题

New Investigation of Lingguan Pass and the Direction and Other Geographic Problems of Lingguan Road

汉代"灵关"是汉"灵关道"上的一道重要关隘,扼守着成都通往西南夷的交通咽喉。但对于汉代"灵关"的具体位置,历来诸家说法颇为抵牾,概而括之有"汉嘉灵关"说、"越嶲灵关"说、"二关并存"说三种观点。若要辨清汉"灵关"的具体位置,需厘清汉灵关县、灵关道、灵关三者的关系,并联系古蜀国灵关、唐宋灵关与汉灵关的关系,结合汉灵关道的走向,则不难发现汉灵关与古蜀国、唐宋灵关实为一地,系地名沿承而已。只是前人对《水经注》记载误解,以致对汉"灵关"位置看法的抵牾。

Lingguan in the Han Dynasty is a gate in Lingguan road and it is the vital communication line that connects Chengdu and the southwest ethnic tribes. But there are different arguments about its exact location. To make clear the position of the Lingguan, not only must we reason the clear relationship between Lingguan, the Lingguan road and the Lingguan county, but also we should clarify different terms of Lingguan Pass in Shu State, the Han Dynasty, and the Tang and Song Dynasties. Combining its direction, we can find that all of them refer to the same position. It is because of the midunderstanding of Commentary on the Waterways that leads to the different opinions on its location.