基于生命周期评价的城市固体废弃物处理模式研究进展

Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment:A Comparative Literature Review

通过回顾2003-2010年国内外不同城市固体废弃物管理体系生命周期评价结果,列举比较了不同固体废弃物处理模式下的全球变暖潜力、酸化潜力和净能源效用等影响评价因子的大小,得出城市固体废弃物处理模式环境影响等级:填埋的环境影响潜值最大,焚烧的环境影响潜值小于填埋,而结合堆肥后环境影响潜值降低;此外,将固体废弃物资源化引入到处理模式后,特别是垃圾源头分类回收后,环境影响潜值大大降低。结合我国城市固体废弃物处理现状,提出单一的处理模式应转变为综合处理模式,多种生活垃圾处理方式适当的有机结合,因地制宜地开展固体废弃物资源化管理,以及餐厨垃圾源头分类收集处理等建议,为政府能有效利用城市固体废弃物处理设施的能力提供参考。

Different municipal solid waste（MSW）treatment scenarios by using life cycle assessment（LCA）methodology from 2003 to 2010 were reviewed.Essential impact categories,such as global warming potential（GWP）,acidification potential（AP）and net energy use（NEU）,were listed and compared to determine waste treatment hierarchy.It was found that the environmental impact of incineration is lower than landfill,and with biochemical treatment,both landfill and incineration resulted in a lower environmental impact.Resource utilization in MSW treatment system,especially source-separated collection contributed greatly to the low values of environmental impact.Considering the current status of MSW treatment in China,the single treatment model should be turned into a mixed treatment model,source separation and recovery of MSW need urgently conducting,and an optimal system need to be determined locally to reduce the environmental impact.