小麦-冰草多粒新种质的抗白粉病和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

Powdery Mildew Resistance and HMW-GS Composition Analysis of Novel Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Germplasm Possessing Large Kernel Number

穗粒数是决定小麦产量的三因素之一,因此通过远缘杂交创造多粒新种质,对于拓宽小麦育种的遗传基础和促进育种水平的持续提高具有重要意义。本研究以通过多年多点鉴定证明具有多粒特性(粒数/穗>80)的31份普通小麦-冰草(Agropyron cristatum,2n=4x=28,PPPP)衍生后代为材料,通过田间接种白粉病生理小种E09进行抗病性鉴定、采用SDS-PAGE方法进行高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成分析以及株高、有效分蘖等农艺性状调查,发现26份材料表现抗白粉病,12份材料具有优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组合,亚基组成为(2*,7+8,5+10)或(1,7+8,5+10)。其中,8份材料的穗粒数大于80粒、株高小于75 cm、抗白粉病且具有优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组合,这为未来培育兼具高产、优质、抗白粉病小麦新品种提供了重要的物质基础。此外,对多粒、抗白粉病和优质亚基的可能来源进行了讨论。

Grain number per spike is one of the three main factors determining crop yield, so producing novel germplasm with large kernel number through distant hybridization has important significance for broadening the ge- netic basic and improving the breeding level continuously. Thirty one of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum derivative lines chosed in the study have the characteristic of large grain number,which were verified by multi-places and multi- years test. The evaluation of the powdery mildew resistance through inoculating the popular physiological race E09, the HMW-GS composition analysis by SDS-PAGE, and the investigation of agronomic traits were carried out. The re- sults showed that 26 lines had powdery mildew resistance, and 12 lines had the desirable subunits compositions （2 ＊ ,7 ＋ 8,5 ＋ 10）or（ 1,7 ＋ 8,5 ＋ 10）. In comprehensiveness, 8 lines of them had characteristic of grain number per spike more than 80, height under 75cm, as well as the characteristics of powder mildew resistance and high quality subunits compositions. These lines provided the important materials for wheat breeding in super-high-yield, high quality, and disease resistance. In addition, the possibility of the sources and utilizations of large kernel num- ber,disease resistance, and the quality subunits were discussed.