国际饭店行业等级评定制度:现状、趋势与启示

Rating System of Internaional Hotel Industry:Status,Trend And Inspiration

饭店行业等级评定制度随着旅游业发展而逐步建立并得到完善,其中机构设置、参与性质、实施范围及法律归属性一直是其基本内容。国际饭店等级评定制度范围广泛,形式多样,评定标准具有相似性和差异性,制度安排基本合理。但价值取向的局限性导致评定机构性质由官方机构向非官方机构或者官方和非官方联合机构演变;饭店业态的多样性、评定范围的局限性导致评定形式由定级向评级与评质相分离演变;新元素的纳入导致评定内容逐渐由产品导向型向顾客导向型转化;等级评定与品牌运用逐步发挥协同作用。国际上也出现建立世界统一的饭店等级评定标准等具有争议性的发展方向。未来我国饭店等级评定制度的创新和变革可从评定主体结构转化、评定制度规范化运行和评定内容与国际接轨等方面考量。

The construction of rating system of international hotel and tourism are Symbiotic communion. The system includes construction design, nature of participation, scope and legal ownership. It has extensive rating scope; diversified rating forms; similarity and difference of rating standards; and basically rational arrangement. Since the establishment of the system, the limitation of the rating subject＇s value orientation has lead to the change of the nature of rating organization from official institution to non-governmental organization, or to the organization cooperated by officials and non-governmental organization; the diversity of the hotel industry situation and the limitation of the rating scope have lead to the change of the the rating form from defining the level to the separation between rating and the evaluation quality; and the mixing with new elements has lead to the gradual change of the rating content from export-oriented type to customer-oriented. Meanwhile, there is a trend to establish a unified international rating system. For renovation and reformation of the rating system in China, the subject structure, operating mechanism, and the evaluation contents of starring and ranking of the tourism hotels should be taken into consideration.