南京市3所高校学生角膜捐献意识调查

Awareness of cornea donation among college students in Nanjing

目的角膜移植供者缺乏制约角膜病治疗。调查研究南京市3所高校学生角膜捐献意识现状,分析其角膜捐献意愿的相关因素,探讨促进角膜捐献的可行方法,以增加角膜移植供者。方法以调查问卷的形式,分层整群抽样930名在校学生,对其人口统计学信息及12个角膜捐献意识问题回答情况进行描述性分析,并以是否愿意身后捐献角膜为结果变量,采用单因素、多因素Logistic族回归模型分析高校学生角膜捐献意愿的相关因素。结果回收合格问卷884份,合格率95.1%。①角膜捐献意识现状:高校学生对角膜捐献相关知识认知不够。医学生与非医学生角膜捐献知识认知组间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),但知识正向总得分组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.793)。高校学生角膜捐献态度并不积极,仅36.9%表示愿意身后捐献角膜。49.9%学生赞成立法,89.7%学生反对有偿捐献。②角膜捐献意愿相关因素分析:Logistic回归模型分析显示高校学生的专业[优势比(odd ratio,OR)=1.41;95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.03～1.92]、性别(OR=1.51;95%CI:1.14～2.01;P=0.004)与身后角膜捐献意愿相关,有统计学意义,其中医学生,女学生更愿意捐献角膜;而政治面貌、宗教信仰对其影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论愿意身后捐献角膜的高校学生并不多,大部分高校学生赞成立法、反对有偿捐献;高校学生中医学生、女学生更愿意身后捐献角膜。对高校学生进行医学知识尤其角膜捐献知识宣传,完善角膜捐献法律、法规,提倡无私的角膜捐献精神,将有利于促进角膜捐献。

Objective Corneal transplantation is the main option for the management of corneal blindness, but it is restricted by the shortage of donated corneas. This study was to investigate the awareness of cornea donation and the factors influencing the willingness of the donators among college students in Nanjing, so as to find a feasible way to improve the cornea donation program. Methods We conducted a questionnaire investigation among 930 randomly selected students from three universities in Nanjing concerning demographics and 12 questions regarding cornea donation. We evaluated the factors influencing the willingness to donate comeas by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 884 valid questionnaires were collected, with an eligibility rate of 95.1%. Most respondents had a poor knowledge a- bout corneal donation, with statistically significant differences between medical and non-medical students （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but not in the total knowledge positive score （P =0. 793）. Only 36.9% of the respondents were willing to donate corneas, 49.9% agreed to the legislation of cornea donation, and 89.7% objected paid donation. As for thefactors influencing the willingness to donate corneas after death, logistic regression analysis revealed a correlation of the donation willingness with major and gender; medical students （ OR = 1.41 ; 95% CI： 1.03 - 1.92 ; P = 0. 032） and females （ OR = 1.51 ; 95% CI： 1.14 -2.01; P = 0. 004） were more willing to donate corneas, while political status and region exhibited insignificant influences （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Only a few college students, especially medical and female students, are willing to donate their corneas after death. Most of them agree to the legislation of cornea donation but object paid donations. Apart from the legislation of cornea donation, more effective medical education has to be carried out to spread the knowledge of cornea donation and cultivate unselfish spirit in the whole the society in order to improve the cornea donation program.