胸部火器伤致伤参数对家兔实验模型的影响

Parameters and establishment of animal model in rabbit's firearm thoracic wound

目的 探讨不同致伤参数对家兔胸部火器伤模型建立的影响及致死原因 .方法 分别用 3个档次速度 [V1 =( 35 0± 2 0 ) m.s- 1 ;V2 =40 0～ 5 0 0 m.s- 1 ;V3=70 0～ 80 0 m.s- 1 ]造成家兔右下胸穿透伤 ( n=2 8) ,每种伤型又分模型组与救治组 .结果 1V2 和 V3弹片伤组 ,无论救治与否 ,死亡率均为10 0 % ;V1 为枪弹伤组 ,致伤模型组与救治组死亡率分别为 :83%和 5 0 % . 2各组致伤瞬间动脉压、静脉压、气道压均骤然上升 ,分别高达伤前 3.5 ,9.0和 8.0倍 ,动脉血氧饱和度降低 ,二氧化碳储留及混合性酸中毒 . 3大体解剖见有肋骨骨折、肋间动脉破裂、右下肺伤道周围肺挫伤和胸腔积血 ,积血量 3组分别为 32 .5 ,2 6 .5和 17.5 m L.结论 V1 枪弹伤适合于家兔胸部火器伤救治研究的实验模型 ;V2 和 V3弹片伤伤情重 ,出血速度快 ,均在伤后 1h内死亡 ,属致死性胸部火器伤模型 .并提示用家兔制造弹片伤救治研究的实验模型非常困难 .

AIM To discuss the effects of different parameters on rabbit model and the causes of death. METHODS Introthoracic wounds in rabbit's rightdown chest were made with bullets [m=2.57 g, V 1=(350±20) m·s -1 ] and shell fragments (m=0.5 g, V 2=400~500 m·s -1 , V 3=700~800 m·s -1 ) and each speed group was redivided into model and treated subgroups. RESULTS ① The motalities of group V 1 reduced from 83 % to 50% after being treated; the motalities of group V 2, V 3 were all 100% whether they were treated or not. ② The pressure in carotid artery,jugular vein and main airway raised 3.5, 9.0 and 8.0 times respectively at the instance of being wounded. ③Routine pathological examination showed there were rib fracture,intercostal artery broken and lung tissue injury. The quantity of blood in thoracic cavity was 17.5, 26.5 and 32.5 mL respectively in group V 1, V 2 and V 3. CONCLUSION The parameters of group V 1 are suited to make a rabbit model of savable firearm thoracic wound. The choice of speed should be in accordance with the kind and the tolerance of the animal.