惠州园林植物病虫害调查及持续控制对策

Investigation of Huizhou Garden Plant Diseases-Pests and Continuous Control Countermeasures

采取分区取样和重点调查方法,调查了惠州园林绿化植物主要病虫害种类与危害现状。结果显示,惠城区主要病害有炭疽病、煤烟病、锈病、叶斑病、叶枯病、黑斑病;虫害有扁刺蛾、黒刺粉虱、吹绵蚧、考氏白盾蚧、叶甲等,且各个片区园林植物病虫害种类及危害程度有所不同。病害中以滨江公园病情指数最高(0.5733),其次为金山湖校区(0.4848);其中炭疽病危害最广泛且严重,煤烟病在桑科榕属植物危害严重;虫害中以滨江公园、金山湖校区虫情指数最高,分别为0.5867、0.5833;扁刺蛾发生普遍,但以江北区与滨江公园较为严重,虫情指数分别为0.1000、0.0933;发生较普遍的还有黒刺粉虱、叶甲。在树龄大、生长茂密的西湖区、金山湖校区,吹绵蚧、考氏白盾蚧为害也较重。此外,分析了惠城区病虫害发生的特点与原因,并为惠州园林植物病虫害防控提出对策。

By partition sampling and key research method,landscape plant diseases -pests on huizhou and hazard situation have been investigated. The results show that main disease had anthracnose, soot disease,rust disease,leaf spot,leaf blight,black spot disease,in- sect had thorns moth,Aleurocanthus spiniferus, scale insect,leaf beetle, and each district garden plant diseases - pests types and the damage are different. In riverside park, disease index is the highest （0. 5733 ）, followed by jin -shan campus （0. 4848 ）. Among them anthracnose is the most extensive and severe harm, dark mildew was in serious harm in moraeeae of plants belong to banyans;Insect scouting index in bin -jiang park ,jin - shah campus is the highest ,which insect scouting index are 0. 5867,0. 5833, respectively ;Thorn moth generally happens widespread and serious at jiang- bei district and riverside park, that insect scouting index are 0. 1000 and 0. 0933 ;A. spiniferus,leaf beetle, happened universal, also. In old tree,thick growth at Xihu district and jin- shah campus, scale insect was heavy. In addition,the occurrence characteristics of pest - disease and reasons are analyzed in Huizhou city, and countermeasures for plant diseases - oests control are out forward.