维特根斯坦哲学的成就与缺陷——兼论分析哲学的得失

A Review and Summarization of Wittgenstein's Philosophy——Gain and Loss of Analytical Philosophy

维特根斯坦极大提升了语言在哲学中的地位和作用,澄清了不少哲学疑难问题,使哲学的分析方法得到前所未有的加强,提升了语言的意义研究,并从语言的意义来研究世界的意义,一定程度实现了对形而上学的清理。同时也应该看到,他对传统形而上学之错谬的诊断是欠恰当的,将哲学局限于语言分析,缩小了哲学的边界,导致哲学越来越脱离生活实际。此外,维特根斯坦过于夸大分析方法的作用,往往把语言的内容和形式割裂开来,分析有余而综合不足。

Stressing on the status and function of language in philosophy, Wittgenstein clarified many philosophy problems, unprecedentedly strengthened the analytical methods of philosophy, much highly raised the status of the research of the meaning, and initialized the research of the meaning of the world from the angle of the language meaning, so in some degree eliminated the metaphysics. Meanwhile, there exist some defections in his philosophy： his diagnosis about the metaphysics is not much appropriate, and his restriction of philosophy within the domain of language analysis actually narrows the boundary of philosophy, -;vhich results the separation of philosophy from ac- tual life. Additionally, Wittgenstein exaggerated the function of the method of analysis, isolated the form and the content of language, and his philosophy super - abounded with analysis but fell short of synthesis.