曲韵之鼻祖 天下之独步——周德清《中原音韵》修辞学思想、戏曲修辞实践及其影响研究

A Study of Rhetoric Ideas,Traditional Drama Rhetoric Practice in and Influences of ZHOU De-qing's The Speech Sounds of Central China

周德清《中原音韵》后半部分"正语作词起例"中的"作词十法",是我国历史上最早全面论述戏曲修辞理论。从中人们可以窥见其"造语必俊"、"用字必熟"、"务头"、"用事"、"对偶"以及有关音律、篇章、"末句"等修辞学思想;而其有关小令、套数的修辞实践,更见其修辞学思想的身体与力行。其发前人之所未发的一系列戏曲修辞理论,给明清和近代以深刻影响,特别是王骥德、李渔和吴梅等戏曲大家,在许多观点上都明显地受到周德清的影响,并对周氏观点有所继承,有所批判,有所发挥,有所发展。

Ten words composing skills of giving the examples to correct the mistakes of the sounds and the music in the second part of Zhou De Qing＇s The Speech Sounds of Central China first illustrates the rhetoric theory of the tra- ditional opera completely in the history of China. Based on it, we can find out its rhetoric ideas such as the well - made sentences, the perfectly -used words, the key tune, the allusion, the antithesis, and the temperament, text, the last sentence, etc. And it＇ separated music and the set of music symbolizes the rhetoric ideas of the work in a deeper sense. The series of rhetoric theories never found before have greatly influenced Ming, Qing dynasty and the contemporary time. Particularly such famous writers of traditional opera as Wang Ji De, Li Yu and Wu Mei were apparently influenced by Zhou De Qing. And they have inherited, criticized, applied and developed Zhou＇s i- deas.