调控小麦春化发育特性的相关基因研究进展

Research Progress on Vernalization Genes Regulating Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

小麦春化发育过程主要受VRN1、VRN2、VRN3等基因的调控。对小麦春化基因的研究进展及其互作关系进行了综述,指出小麦VRN1基因经低温诱导可以加速植株茎尖由营养生长向生殖生长转变,VRN1的3个部分同源基因的等位变异是小麦春化发育特性差异的主要决定因子;VRN2基因是一个开花抑制因子,其核心作用结构域的单碱基突变会使基因失去功能;VRN3基因被长日照诱导,可促进植株开花,基因的等位差异对小麦开花时间早晚有显著影响。VRN1、VRN2、VRN3 3个主要春化相关基因之间的互作共同调控小麦开花的春化响应途径。

The wheat vernalization growth is regulated mainly by VRN1 ,VRN2 and VRN3. In this paper, the research progress of vernalization genes and their interaction relations were reviewed. Recent studies showed that VRN1 was induced by low temperature to promote the transition from vegetative to reproductive development stage,and the allelic variation of VRN1 was the main de- termining factor for the diversity of wheat vernalization growth characteristics. VRN2 was a floral repressor gene, and a single-base mutation in VRN2 core domain could make the gene lose its function. VRN3 was induced by long-day condition to improve the reproductive development of wheat,and the allelic variation of V＇RN3 could affect the flower time of wheat. The artful and accurate interactions between VRN genes regulate the vernalization growth characteristics of wheat efficiently.