豫南雨养区小麦简耕覆盖高产高效技术创新与应用

Innovation and Application of Winter Wheat Cultivation Technologies with Minimum Tillage and Straw Mulching in Rain-fed Area of Southern Henan

土壤培肥、自然降水高效利用、作物秸秆循环利用、作物高产高效是土壤可持续利用和粮食生产能力持续提高的关键问题。豫南雨养农业区存在着降雨量较大但降水时空分布与作物需水时段相矛盾、土壤培肥能力不足等问题。为此,结合豫南雨养区的生产、生态实际和多年定位试验,提出了资源循环高效利用与作物持续高产假设,并集成创新了小麦简耕覆盖高产高效技术,其核心技术是机械化玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖还田和小麦免耕直播。自2006开始,在驻马店市和南阳市进行了多年示范应用,取得了良好的效应。该技术解决了利用合理的耕作措施解决培肥土壤、提高自然降水和农业废弃物利用率、作物高产与资源高效协同一致的问题,为土地可持续利用和生产能力持续提升提供了技术支撑。

The key point for achieving the sustainable utilization of soil resource and the sustain able grain production ability was to enhance the soil fertility and the natural precipitation usage efficiency,to recycle the crop stalks and to achieve the high grain yield with low input. The re search demonstrated that there were some problems needed to be solved to achieve the sustainable utilization of soil resource and the sustainable grain production ability in the rain-fed agricultural region of southern Henan province. Compared to other parts of Henan province, the rainfall in southern Henan province is sufficient, but the spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation and the soil fertility could not match the crop requirement. It was assumed that the high resource re cycle efficiency and the sustainable grain production ability could be achieved synchronously by integrating and innovating the winter wheat cultivation technology with minimum tillage and straw mulching. The technology has been applying in Zhumadian and Nanyang since 2006, with the purpose of improving the soil fertility and the usage efficiency of natural precipitation and crop stalks,so as to realize the high crop yield and high resource usage efficiency synchronously. The technology would make significant contribution to the grain production in the rainfed agricultural region of southern Henan province.