氮用量及基追比例对烤烟生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate of Base and Topdressing Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探明豫西半干旱地区烤烟氮肥合理施用方式,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同施氮量和不同基追肥比例对豫西半干旱地区烤烟农艺性状、产量和光合特性的影响。结果表明,相同施氮方式下随着施氮量的增加,烤烟的农艺性状各指标、干物质积累和产量均有增加趋势,相同施氮量不同氮肥施用方式相比,以基肥加追肥的方式好于全部基施。相同施氮量不同氮基追肥比例下的经济性状比较,产量以氮肥基∶追=1∶1的方式较高,其中氮肥85.2kg/hm2即N3(1∶1)产量达3 265.5kg/hm2;从产值和上等烟比例分析,相同施氮量不同氮肥施用方式之间相比以基∶追=3∶1的方式较高,其中氮肥60kg/hm2即N2(3∶1)处理产值达38 085.0元/hm2,上等烟比例达25.8%,均价为13.95元/kg。相同基追比例下,N3水平与氮肥37.5kg/hm2即N1水平之间叶片净光合速率差异显著,而N2和N3水平间差异则不显著。综合来看,在豫西半干旱地区,烤烟施氮量以60kg/hm2,施用方式以基∶追=3∶1为宜。

A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of different nitrogen levels and different ratios of basal and topdressing fertilizer on agronomic characters, yield and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacoo in tobacco-growing region of western Henan. The results showed that flue-cured tobacco had the increase trend in agronomic characters, dry matter accumulation dynamics and yield with the increase of nitrogen rate. In the condition of same amount of nitrogen application,applying basal N fertilizer plus topdressing N fertilizer was better than only basal N fertilizer applied. The treatment with the ratio of basal N to topdressing N fertilizer at 1 ： 1 had the highest yield, while the highest output value and the most proportion of superior tobacco leaves were obtained in the treatment with the ratio of basal N to topdressing N fertilizer at 3 ： 1. Under the same ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing of nitrogen,there was significant difference in net photosynthetic rate between the treatment of 37.5 kg/ha and the treatment of 82.5 kg/ha,and no significant difference was observed between the treatment of 60 kg/ha and the treatment of 82.5 kg/ha. Compared comprehensively,the amount of nitrogen application at the level of 60 kg/ ha and the ratio of basal N to topdressing N fertilizer at 3 ： 1 were commended in tobacco-growing region of western Henan.