森林凋落物分解研究进展

Review on studies of forest litter decomposition

森林凋落物是森林生态系统内地上植物组分产生并归还于地表,作为分解者的物质和能量来源,来维持生态系统功能的有机质总称。凋落物分解包含凋落物粉碎、淋溶和有机物的分解代谢3个过程。C/N、木质素含量等是影响凋落物分解的主要指标因素,凋落物的质量等内部因素与气候等外部因素共同影响着凋落物分解。凋落物分解是森林生态系统中养分归还的主要途径,是森林生态系统物质循环、能量流动的重要环节。对凋落物分解动态过程的研究可以帮助当地合理的、因地制宜的种植相关树种,有效的调节并提高林木的生长效率,并为维持土壤肥力,增强土壤的养分可利用性提供保障。

Forest litter is defined, as the organic matter produced from biological components as well as the material and energy source deeomposers, and then returned to soil surface in the forest ecological systems （FES）. Litter decomposition is the main way of nutrients return in forest ecological system, and an important segment of material cycle and energy flow in FES. Crushing, leaching and decomposition of organic material metabolisms are the three processes of litter decomposition; the ratio of C/N and lignin content are the main index factors of litter decomposition, the internal factors of litter such as litter quality and external factors such as climate influence the litter decomposition commonly. The research of litter decomposition dynamic process can help us to plant related species more reasonable, adjust measures to local conditions and find enough effective adjustment for trees grow efficiency, to maintain soil fertility and enhance the nutrients available.