中世纪中后期和现代早期英国盐价变动原因考察

The Reason of the Salt Price Change in England During the Middle and Late Medieval and Early Modern Times

中世纪中后期和现代早期英国盐价变动是多因素共同推动的结果。其中,盐产地分布不均衡和盐产地的自然环境特别是气候与天气环境,对英国盐价的地区性变动和时段性波动有着重要影响;黑死病爆发后由人口大量减少引起的剧烈经济社会变动是导致英国盐价反常变动的主要原因;英国在盐的进口上严重依赖法国则决定了英法关系对中世纪中后期和现代早期的英国盐价变动有十分重要的直接影响;货币数量是影响盐价的另一重要因素,货币数量越多盐价就越高,而当出现"银荒"时,盐价也相应下降。

The change of salt price was caused by many factors. Among these factors, the disequilibrium distribution of salt producing areas and the natural environment especially the climate and weather produced very important impact on the regional and periodic change of salt price. The acute economic and social change caused by the large population decline after the Black Death was the main reason of the salt price＇s abnormal change. Salt import seriously depending on France determined that the relations between England and France had direct impact on the change of salt price in England during the Middle and Late Medieval and Early Modem Times. The quantity of money was another important factor. The larger the quantity of money was, the higher the salt price was; and when ＂silver shortage＂ came, the salt price went down accordingly.