武汉大气PM_(2.5)中微量元素的污染特征和来源分析

Pollution characteristics and sources analysis of trace elements in PM_(2.5) in Wuhan City

为研究武汉大气PM2.5中微量元素的污染特征和来源,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析了11种典型微量元素的浓度水平,并通过元素相关性、因子分析、富集特征等方法对其来源进行了分析.研究表明,武汉大气PM2.5中的微量元素污染在夏季较为严重,秋季次之,冬季较轻.与国内其他城市相比,武汉大气PM2.5中的Zn、Ni、Cr的浓度值显著偏高,而Mn、Cu、Se、Pb、As、Ti的浓度值则较低,Cd排放不明显.Pearson相关系数分析表明,Zn、Mn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Se很可能来自同一污染源.因子分析表明,微量元素污染主要来源于钢铁冶金、合金制作和工业燃油3个方面.富集因子分析表明,Ti、Se、Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cr主要来源于人为污染;而Cu和As则部分来源于人为污染,部分来源于土壤.

To study on the characteristics and sources of trace elements in PM2.5 in Wuhan city,concentrations of eleven typical trace elements in PM2.5 are analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The source analysis of the elements is done by correlation analysis,factor analytical method and enrichment factor（EF） values.The results show that in Wuhan the pollution of trace elements in PM2.5 in autumn is less serious than that of summer,but more serious than that of winter.Compared with other cities of China,in Wuhan the concentrations of Zn,Ni,Cr are in much higher values and those of Mn,Cu,Se,Pb,As,Ti,Cd are in lower values.The concentrations among Zn,Mn,Cu,Pb,Cd and Se exhibit strong correlation which derive from the steel industry.The main contribution to the trace elements in PM2.5 is ferrous metallurgy,alloy processing and industrial fuel oil.The elements of Ti,Se,Cd,Ni,Pb,Zn and Cr are mainly from human activities.Cu and As are in part from human activities and in other part from soil.