有机肥和化肥配施对露地黄瓜养分吸收、产量和品质的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Nutrients Uptake,Yield and Quality of Field-Grown Cucumber

以黄瓜为试材,通过露地田间栽培试验,研究有机肥和化肥不同配施方法对黄瓜植株养分吸收、黄瓜产量及品质的影响。结果表明:单施有机肥区黄瓜产量比无肥区(CK)增产19557kg.hm-2,增产效果达49.29%;在施用有机肥基础上配施适量的氮、磷、钾化肥(MNPK),可以显著提高黄瓜产量,MNPK区黄瓜产量比单施有机肥区(M)增产19146kg.hm-2,二者差异达5%显著水平。在有机肥基础上单独配施氮肥,会降低黄瓜Vc和可溶性糖含量;但是有机肥与磷、钾肥配施能极大的改善黄瓜品质。施用钾肥的处理MNK(有机肥与氮钾肥配施)、MNPK(有机肥与氮磷钾配施),在黄瓜生育中期(结瓜盛期),植株叶片中氮和磷的含量普遍高于其他处理,说明增施钾肥可以促进黄瓜对氮和磷的吸收。有机肥与化肥平衡施用,避免偏施氮肥,对获得高产优质的黄瓜有着重要的意义。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of combined application of organic and inorganic tertilizers on nutrient absoilation, yield and quality of cucumber. Results showed that compared with no fertilizers, organic fertilizeralone increased cucumber yield by 49.3% （19557kg.hm^-2）. Combined application of organic fertilizer and appropriate nitrogen （N）, phosphors （P） and potassium （K） fertilizers （MNPK） increased cucumber yield significantly. The MNPK treatment increased cucmnber yield of 19146kg·hm^-2 compared with only organic fertilizer treatment, and the yield difference of the two treatments was significant at 5% level. Combined application of with only organic and N fertilizers lowered the contents of vitamin C aud soluble sugar in cucumber, but combined application of organic and P and K fertilizers improved the quality of cucumber significantly. Applied K treatments （combined application of organic, N and K fertilizers （MNK, MNPK） increased leaf N and P contents during the fruit-bearing stage （the middle development stage）, indicating that K application increased N and P uptake. Balance application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can avoid the harmful effect of excessive N anti is important to produce better quality and high yield of cucumber.