日本老龄化背景下医疗保险制度变迁及启示

Changes and Enlightenment of Japanese Medical Insurance System in Aging Society

我国老年人口比重的提高,对老年人医疗费用的给付将给医疗保险基金和政府财政带来巨大的压力。老年人医疗保险费的收缴比例和医疗费用的给付标准关系着医疗保险基金的稳定,同时也是涉及医疗保险制度公平性的重大问题。日本的人口老龄化比我国更快更早,为了缓解老年人医疗费用带来的财政压力和应对保险基金的赤字问题,日本政府曾对医疗保险制度进行过多次改革和修正。总结中日老龄化进程和医疗保险制度设计上的相似之处,整理日本高龄者医疗保险制度的变迁过程,进而对中国人口老龄化过程中老年人医疗费用激增这一问题的解决提出相关建议。

The medical insurance payment to elderly will keep rising in aging society,which will also bring greater pressure on medical insurance fund and the government finance.Elderly medical insurance payment is also an issue of fairness with medical insurance system.Japan has experienced a faster aging process of its population than other countries.To solve the financial problems and reduce insurance fund deficit brought about by medical expenses for the elderly,Japanese government tried series of system reform and revision.This paper summarized the similarities of aging process and medical insurance system between China and Japan.Then,the changes of medical insurance system for the Japanese elderly have been reviewed.Finally,it put forward some recommendations for Chinese during aging progress.