《辞源》名物条目疏误例析——兼论敦煌文献对大型辞书名物条目编纂的意义

Incorrect Entries of Terms in Ciyuan: A Concurrent Discussion on the Value of Dunhuang Manuscripts in Editing the Entries of Terms in Large Dictionaries

辞书名物条目容易出现偏差,与名物条目材料不足有关。《辞源》[1]名物条目中或义项缺失、或释义不当、或例证滞后等疏误均与此相关。名物本身有着阶层之分,而古今辞书编纂有重书面语轻口语,重文人作品轻民间创作的偏向,导致涉及下层百姓的名物在辞书中出现一些问题。敦煌文献特别是敦煌社会经济文献,真实反映了当时的百姓生活。文献中大量的名物词,对大型辞书名物条目的编纂有着重要意义。

The inaccurate interpretation of terms in dictionaries is usually due to the lack of supportive material. Mistakes like absence of existing definitions, incorrect interpretations and late examples in the entries of terms in Ciyuan are all related to the lack of material＇ s. There is a hierarchy in terms but past and present dictionaries tend to concentrate just on written and intellectual texts rather than oral and folk material, resulting in inaccurate interpretations of terms related to lower class. Dunhuang manuscripts, especially those of social economy, are faithful reflections of the life of ordinary people in that period. Numerous terms in these manuscripts could be of great value in editing entries of terms in dictionaries.