“重返八十年代”的成绩与问题

Achievements and Problems of Returning to the 1980s

"重返八十年代"是近年来中国当代文学研究中的一个热点。文章认为"重返八十年代"的原因主要有两个:一是构建80年代文学与政治之间的复杂关系,消除80年代文学与50-70年代文学之间的简单对立,进而建立当代文学的整体性话语系统;二是通过将80年代"问题化",打破已经被人们视为常识的自80年代以来一直支配当代文学研究的思维模式。"重返八十年代"的成绩主要是揭示了当代文学史叙述中的"八十年代"意识,"再现"了那些被"遗失和扭曲"的文学现场。"重返八十年代"的问题主要表现在三个方面:1."打捞"历史的做法难以实现揭示80年代文学"政治性"的目的;2.被"打捞"上来的历史及其"政治性"有可能对另外的历史及其"文学性"产生新的压抑;3."重返八十年代"研究依然带有"二元对立"的思维倾向。

＂Returning to the 1980s＂ has been a hot issue in contemporary Chinese literature studies in recent years. This paper opines that there are two main reasons for returning to the 1980s ： firstly, the construction of the complicated relationship between literature and politics in the 1980s and the elimination of the simple antagonism between the literature of the 1980s and that of the 1950s-1970s for the establishment of the holistic discourse system of contemporary literature; secondly, the break of the thinking mode which has been regarded as a common sense and has dominated the contemporary literary studies since the 1980s through the ＂dominant problems＂ of the 1980s. The achievements of ＂returning to the 1980s＂ lie in their revelation of the consciousness of the 1980s in the history of contemporary literature and in the ＂reproduction＂ of the ＂lost and distorted＂ literary scenes; while its problems focus on three aspects： 1 ）. It is hard to reveal the ＂politicality＂ of literature in the 1980s by ＂salvaging＂ history; 2）. the history salvaged and its political nature would depress other histories and their ＂literariness＂ ; 3 ）. there is still the tendency of binary opposition in the study of ＂returning to the 1980s＂.