34份茶树种质的花粉形态特征研究

Morphological Studies on Pollen of Camellias for 34 Species(Camellia Sinensis)

对34份茶树种质的花粉扫描电镜观察结果表明,它们的花粉形态特征较为相似:花粉粒多呈长球形,极面观为裂圆形或近圆形或近三角形,具3孔沟或拟3孔沟,间距环状分布,为N3P4C5类型。花粉极轴长41.66～54.61μm,赤道轴长24.76～31.69μm。茶树花粉外壁纹饰以拟网状条纹为主。根据花粉形态聚类分析结果,可将34份茶树种质分为4类:第1类包括大红袍、软枝乌龙、白样观音、奇曲、青心乌龙、白奇兰、白芽奇兰;第2类包括早奇兰、金观音、上杭观音、圆叶观音、金面奇兰、福建水仙、慢奇兰、四季春、矮脚乌龙、金萱、白文;第3类包括翠玉、红芽观音、肉桂、白鸡冠、本山、绿芽观音;第4类包括大叶乌龙、太姥山野茶、小叶奇兰、黄旦、青心奇兰、筲绮、毛蟹、竹叶奇兰、梅占、政和大白茶。

The pollen of camellias of 34 Camellia Sinensis cultivars collected from Fujian and Taiwan were observed morphologically with a scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the camellia pollens from Fujian cultivars were morphologically similar to that from Taiwan.The profile of pollens observed mostly as prolate and split round,nearly round or triangle with three-bore sulcus if viewed from pole point and ranged spacing distribution,which classified as N3P4C5.The length of pollen polar axis ranged from 41.66 to 54.61 μm,and the length of equator axis ranged from 24.76 μm to 31.69 μm.The pollen exine ornamentation was mainly in mimetic reticulate-striate.According to the cluster analysis for pollen morphology,the 34 tea cultivars could be classified into four categories： the first category included Dahongpao,Ruanzhi Oolong,Baiyang Guanyin,Qiqu,Qingxin Oolong,Baiqilan,Baiya Qilan;the second category included Zaoqilan,Jinguanyin,Shanghang Guanyin,Yuanye Guanyin,Jinmian Qilan,Shuixian,Manqilan,Sijichun and Aijiao Oolong,Jinxuan,Baiwen;the third category included Cuiyu,Hongya Guanyin,Rougui,Baijiguan,Benshan,Lvya Guanyin;the fourth category included Daye Oolong,Taimushan wild tea,Xiaoye Qilan,Huangdan,Qingxin Qilan,Shaoqi,Maoxie,Zhuye Qilan,Meizhan,Zhenghe Dabaicha.