湖北宣恩岩底河流域洪涝灾害成因分析及防治对策

Formation and Flood Prevention in Yandi River in Xuanen of Hubei

湖北省宣恩岩底河流域为碳酸盐岩岩溶发育区,洪涝灾害频发。通过野外勘测及综合分析,该区洪涝灾害形成的主要因素包括:水文气象条件、地形地貌组合、岩溶管道不通畅、人工排水通道排水能力不够等。而引起岩底河流域洪涝灾害频发的根本原因在于:狮子口至满家大塘间人工排水洞排水能力不足,岩底河地下暗河通道淤塞严重,导致地下暗河排水能力减弱。建议:改扩建狮子口排水隧道,提高泄洪能力;疏通岩底河地下暗河淤塞,促使排水通畅;加强水土流失综合治理,避免暗河管道泥沙淤积,保证洪涝灾害得到长期有效防治及生态环境的良性发展。

Yandi River at Xuanen of Hubei locates in carbonate karst-developed area with frequent flood.Based on field investigation and comprehensive analysis,factors leading to flood disasters are found：hydrometeorological conditions,topography and geomorphology,obstructed karst conduit and insufficient drainage channels.However,major causes for the flood disasters in Yandi River Basin are insufficient artificial drainage tunnel from Shizikou to Manjia Datang,and drainage of underground river passage for Yandi River Basin from serious obstruction.Suggestions are to reconstruct and expand Shizikou drainage channel to improve flood discharge;to unchoke the obstructed underground river for Yandi,to guarantee smooth drainage;to enhance the comprehensive treatment of soil erosion;to protect the underground pipeline against silting and to guarantee the long-term flood prevention for the development of ecological environment.