微卫星标记对德国镜鲤选育群体的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis on Selective Population of German Mirror Carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) Using Microsatellite Markers

选择扩增效果好、有多态性的12个微卫星标记,对一个德国镜鲤选育群体(288尾)的遗传结构进行了分析。共检测到50个等位基因,等位基因数为3～5,平均有效等位基因数为3.076 9,平均观察杂合度为0.416 4,平均期望杂合度为0.658 2,平均多态信息含量为0.605 6。分析结果表明,该群体的多样性水平适中。经2检验,群体处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。12个位点均表现为杂合子缺失,表明选择压力较大,提示在后续的生产和选育过程中要注意保持群体的遗传多样性水平,避免近交衰退。

In this paper, the genetic diversity of selective population of Germany mirror carp （Cyprinus carpio L.） was analyzed using microsatellite markers. The number of effective alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were determined. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was checked by x2 Test. A total of 50 alleles were identified on 12 microsatellite loci with polymorphism from 288 samples. The average number of alleles was 4.166 7 and the average number of effective alleles was 3.076 9, the average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity was 0.416 4 and 0.658 2, respectively, the average polymorphic information content was up to 0.605 6. The results show that there is a reasonable genetic diversity among the selective population. The population accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but the heterozygote deficit of all twelve loci was detected due to greatly artificial selection pressures. These results suggest that the level of genetic diversity of the population should be maintained and inbreeding recession in the subsequent production and selection of the German mirror carp population should be avoided.