基于事故深度调查的城市交通事故特征分析

Urban Crash Features Analysis Based on In-depth Investigation

为探索适合我国的事故数据深度采集标准,并分析城市道路交通事故特征及致因,基于《道路交通事故深度调查信息采集表》(简称采集表),调查人员随交警赴事故现场随机详细调查87起城市道路交通事故。借鉴"Haddon Matrix"思想建立致因分析矩阵系统,分析事故的致因。发现采集表对事故地点、事故形态及原因项分类更加具体、明确,女性驾驶员的事故发生率略低于男性驾驶员,驾驶员年龄超过60岁后,发生事故的危险性显著提高,"交叉口影响区"事故50%由变更车道引起,非机动车驾驶员未戴安全头盔是造成严重伤害的重要原因。

For the sake of exploring crash in-depth investigation standards suitable for China, and analyzing the features and causes of urban traffic accidents, in-depth investigation of 87 traffic accidents was made randomly in accordance with the Crash In-depth Investigation Data Acquisition Table. A cause analysis matrix was built using the thought of Haddon Matrix for inference. It was found that the Data Collection Table classifies crash spot, crash event and crash causes more specifically and clearly, that the female drivers are less inclined to crashes compared to male drivers, that the drivers over 60 years old take more risk when driving on the road, that fifty percent of the crashes happening in the intersection influen- cing areas are caused by lane changing, and that not wearing safety helmet is the significant reason leading to serious harm on the non-motor vehicle drivers.