中国古代炼铜冶铁制陶燃料初探——以先秦秦汉时期的煤炭为例

Exploration of Fuel Used for Smelting Copper,Iron and Pottery in Chinese Ancient Time——A Case Study on the Coal of Pre-Qin,Qin and Han Dynasties

从石器到铜器再到铁器,是人类社会发展进步的重要标志。煤炭是一种有机可燃岩石,它在石器时代主要是装饰品、工艺品等的原料,到了铜器时代和铁器时代则成为冶铸的重要燃料。煤炭的利用对中国古代炼铜、冶铁、制陶业的提升和发展起到过重要作用。探讨这方面的问题,有益于全面认识青铜器时代、铁器时代的历史面貌和演进历程,有助于推进矿冶史和煤炭开发利用史的研究。

The development from the stoneware to copperware and ironware is the important progressive sym- bol of human society. Coal is a kind of combustible organic rock. In Anthropolithic Age, it was the material of ornament, artwork, etc. Up to Copper Age and Iron Age, coal became the important fuel for smelting i- ron. The use of coal has played an important role in the development of smelting copper, iron and pottery. Exploring the questions in this respect is conducive to overall recognizing history and evolution of the Bronze Age and Iron Age, and to impelling the research on mining and metallurgy history as well as the history of ex- ploring and using coal.