《劳四狂》的道家苦乐观

The Taoist View of Happiness and Suffering of Rōshikyō

日本江户时代的通俗文学作品《劳四狂》,是从对人生劳苦的揭示出发,来阐述如何获得人生真乐。作者特别关注人陷入劳苦不能自拔的困境,描述和分析了人生在世的各种"劳",并对其加以反思,这一理路和观点与道家特别是《庄子》有密切的关系。在超脱劳苦困境、获得人生真乐问题上,文中提出"劳而不狂"和"离苦避乐"的苦乐观,正合《庄子》"无为"之"至乐"的意旨,在苦乐观上展现了道家的精神和观念。

Rōshikyc is a popular literary work of Edo age of Japan which occupied an important position in the history of Japanese literature. This book expounded on how to obtain real happiness starting from un-covering the suffering of life. The author paid special attention to the plight and suffering of the people, de-scribed and analyzed all kinds of labor in life, and tried to ponder on it. This train of thought and ideas is closely related to Taoism, especially Zhuang-zi. In respect of detaching predicament and getting real happi-ness,it proposed the views of ＂labor but not mad＂ and ＂to leave suffering and to avoid happiness ＂ ,which coincided with Zhuang-zi＇s idea of ＂ecstasy of inaction ＂,and showed the Taoist spirit and concept concern-ing happiness and suffering.