《元刊杂剧三十种》中“如”字平比句之探赜

On the "Ru(如)" Equal Comparative Sentences in Thirty Kinds of Plays in Yuan Dynasty

《元刊杂剧三十种》中的"如"字平比句共有四种句法格式,即"X如Y"式、"XW如Y"式、"X如YW"式和"X如YZ"式。《杂剧》中的"如"字平比句经过新的规范和调整,呈现出较鲜明的过渡特点,既沿用了旧的句式,又有新的句式萌芽与发展。各个句式无论在结构形式还是在句法功能上都得到了扩展,从而形成新的"如"字平比句系统。

There are four syntactic forms as regards equal comparative sentences in Thirty Kinds of Plays in Yuan Dy- nasty, such as ＂X＇ rn （如 ）＇ Y＂, ＂XW ＇ ru （ 如 ）＇ Y＂, ＂X＇ ru （ 如 ）＇ YW＂ and ＂X＇ ru （ 如）＇ YZ＂ type. As a result of new norm and adjustment, the ＂ru（如） ＂ equal comparative sentences in Thirty Kinds of Plays in Yuan Dynasty show obvious transitional features, which adopt not only the old pattern, but also develop new sentence pattern. Ei- ther in structure or syntactic function, each sentence pattern has been expanded, forming a new system of ＂ru （如 ） ＂ equal comparative sentences.