美国《2012年科学与工程指标》概论——人力资源和科研能力分析

Overview of Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 -- Human Resource and Research Capacity

2012年1月，美国国家科学委员会发布了《2012年科学与工程指标》报告。报告对过去10年问美国及其他国家在科学、工程和技术、教育及经济领域的发展态势进行了定量分析。2012年科学与工程指标《概论》对报告内容进行了总汇。将概论分成3部分进行了编译，其第2部分主要涉及美、欧、中、日等国家和地区近年来高等教育、科研人力资源及科研能力的变化趋势。部分数据表明，衡量全球科学和工程劳动力的指标正在快速增长，尤其集中在发展中国家。这些国家培养的理工科学生的数量与发达国家的差距正在缩小。美国工科学生的数量占全球的比例近年来已降至惊人的程度，而半数以上的工科学生则出现在亚洲．

U.S. National Science Board issued the report of Science and Engineering Indicators in January of 2012, analyzing quantitatively the development trend of science, technology ＆ engineering, education and economies in the United Stated and some other countries in last decade, with an overview briefing the report. As the second part of the trilogy of the overview of the report, this article concerns itself with trends of the higher education, R＆D human resources and research capacities of U.S., EU, China, Japan and some other economies. Data show that the global science and engineering workforce is increasing rapidly, especially in the developing countries. The gap of the number of science and engineering students between developed countries and developing countries is narrowing. The proportion of engineering students from the United States has astonishingly reduced in recent years, and more than half of the engineering students graduates from Asia.