中国农业劳动力非农化转移的历程及特征

A Study on the Course and Characteristics of Non-agricultural Transfer of Rural Labor Force in China

工业化和城市化的发展,必要带来产业结构的升级,农业劳动力逐步向非农产业转移成为必然。在经济因素和政治因素综合影响下,中国农业劳动力的非农化转移经历了曲折的过程。重工业的发展对农业劳动力的吸纳能力不足,由此导致中国的城市化滞后于工业化;政治因素和经济因素交替影响农业劳动力的转移;户籍制度成为阻碍农业劳动力转移的主要政策性障碍;乡镇企业成了农业劳动力非农化转移的主要吸纳地,这些都构成了中国在农业人口转移非农化转移的主要特点。

The development of industrialization and urbanization necessarily brings the upgrade of industrial reconstructuring and non-agricultural transfer of rural labor force. Under the influence of economic and political factors, the transfer has experienced the complicated courses and has the following characteristics： The scale of heavy industry can＇t absorb sufficient rural surplus labor; The economic and political factors have influenced the transfer of rural labor force; Household registration system has become a hindrance to non-agricultural transfer of rural labor force; Township enterprises have constituted an important pillar absorbing rural surplus labor.