粤北始兴烟区植烟土壤养分状况分析

Analysis of soil nutrients states at Shixing tobacco growing area in north Guangdong

为进一步彰显始兴烟叶浓香型风格,明确始兴烟区土壤养分状况,对始兴烟区156个具有代表性的土壤养分含量进行分析,结果表明:始兴烟区土壤pH 4.62～8.33基本适宜烟叶正常生长发育;有机质、水解氮含量偏高,速效磷含量除有15.4%土壤低于10 mg/kg处于极度缺磷外,其余土壤磷含量丰富;速效钾、有效硼含量普遍缺乏,是影响始兴烟区烟叶质量的主要土壤因子;钙、镁、锌含量丰缺不一。不同土壤类型养分状况差异较大,生产上要根据土壤特性进行合理施肥,可加强该区紫色土优质浓香型特色烟叶的开发,但应注意适当增施腐植酸及硼肥;对其他类型土壤养分应进行有效调节,适当控制牛肝土田、黄泥田、麻沙泥田的氮肥和有机肥施用量,增施钾肥;黄泥田、麻沙泥田应适当增施钙镁肥;同时针对始兴烟区普遍缺硼的问题生产中要适当增施硼肥。

156 soil samples from Shixing tobacco growing area were analyzed to study aroma-type flue-cured tobacco characteristics so as to reveal soil nutrient status.Results indicated that pH was suitable for high quality tobacco growth while organic matter and available nitrogen were more than needed.Phosphorus was rich in 84.6% soils in Shixing＇s tobacco growing area.Available potassium and boron was deficient in general.There exist main soil barrier factors affecting Shixing tobacco leaf quality.Calcium,magnesium,zinc was inconsistent,either abundance or deficient.Nutrient contents from different soils were different.to increase the humic acid and boron fertilizer appropriatly.At the same time,It should also pay attention to other types of soil nutrient for effective regulation.proper controlling nitrogen and organic fertilizer,supplying potassium in ox liver paste,yellow soil and sandy-muddy field also adding Ca and Mg fertilizer.Most of all,we must applying boron on all soils of ShiXing tobacco-growing area during production.The Ox liver paste,yellow soil and sandy-muddy field have to control nitrogen and organic fertilizer properly and adding potassium fertilizer,also should increase Ca and Mg fertilizer in yellow soil and sandy-muddy.Most of all,in order to slove the common problem in ShiXing tobacco-growing area it should increase boron appropriatly in the production of tobacco.