土壤类型对烤烟生长及品质特征的影响

Effect of Soil Types on Growth and Quality Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

为研究土壤类型对烤烟生长和品质的影响,以湖南桂阳烟区水稻土、紫色土和红壤土为材料,研究了3种土壤上种植的烤烟各时期生长率和初烤烟叶的理化特性。结果表明,紫色土烤烟旺长期内生长快,成熟期慢,烟叶化学成分比例协调,钾含量丰富,但其含梗率高,且干物质重、叶厚、单位叶面积显著低于其他两种土壤;水稻土烤烟成熟期生长率过高,脱氮困难,以致烟叶总氮和烟碱含量过高,干物质多,叶片厚;红壤烤烟长势相对较差,物理性状接近水稻土烟叶,化学成分"糖高碱低",糖碱比和挥发酸碱比显著高于水稻土和紫色土烟叶。感官评吸结果表明,紫色土和红壤种植烤烟好于水稻土。可见,不同土壤类型烤烟生长规律有所不同,理化特性也有较大差异。

In order to find out the effects of soil types on tobacco growth and quality, we studied the growth rate during various growth stages and physical and chemical properties of cured tobacco leaves with three soil types （paddy soil, purple soil and red soil） in Guiyang county, Hunan province. The results showed that in purple soil, tobacco grew fast during budding period but slowly during maturation period, and their leaf chemical composition was harmonious. The content of potassium was rich but the proportion of midrib was also high. The dry matter, leaf thickness and the unit leaf area were significantly lower than the other two types of soil. Tobacco from paddy soil grew too fast in maturity. The dry matter, leaf thickness and the content of nicotine and total nitrogen were too high due to nitrogen residual. The growth of flue-cured tobacco in red soil was relatively weak, the physical properties was similar to the tobacco leaves in paddy soil. The content of sugar was high while nicotine was low, the ratio of sugar/nicotine and volatile acid/alkali was significantly higher than tobacco in paddy and purple soil. The smoking test results showed that tobacco leaves from purple and red soil were better than those from paddy soil. In conclusion, the growth rhythm and physical and chemical characteristics of leaves have great differences from different types of soils.