云南不同产区烤烟致香物质含量分析

Analysis of aroma component content in flue-cured tobacco planting from Yunnan Province

【目的】系统了解云南不同产区致香物质含量的特点及差异,为云南优质烟叶的生产和工业应用提供参考。【方法】选取云南12个烟区(红河、昆明、曲靖、楚雄、玉溪、大理为传统优质烟区,丽江、普洱、保山、文山、临沧、德宏为近年来大力发展的新烟区)烤烟中部叶样品,对其致香成分含量进行检测,并采用多重比较和聚类分析对各烟区烟叶致香成分含量进行分析。【结果】从云南不同烟区烤烟中部叶中共检测出69种致香物质,其中有18种致香成分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),51种致香成分含量在不同烟区间存在差异显著(P<0.05);不同烟区烤烟中部叶的醛类致香成分总量差异不显著(P>0.05),但部分烟区的酮类、醇类、酚类、杂环类、酯类、酸类和烯烃类致香物质总量差异显著(P<0.05)。基于不同官能团致香物质含量的聚类分析,可将12个烟区分为四大类:第一类包括保山、楚雄、文山、昆明4个烟区;第二类包括丽江、临沧、普洱、玉溪4个烟区;第三类包括德宏和红河两个烟区;第四类包括大理和曲靖两个烟区。基于致香物质总量的聚类分析,则可分为三大类:第一类包括保山、德宏、红河、文山4个烟区;第二类包括楚雄、大理、丽江、昆明、曲靖5个烟区;第三类包括临沧、普洱、玉溪3个烟区。【结论】在分析和评价烟叶致香物质时,不仅要考虑其致香物质总量,还要考虑致香物质的组成和比例,才能更准确地对不同烟区的烟叶进行综合评价。

[Objective]The aroma content characteristics and tobacco leaves differences in different areas from Yunnan Province were systematically studied in order to provide references for the production and industrial application of flue- cured tobacco from different tobacco-growing areas. [Method ]Flue-cured tobacco middle leaf samples were selected from 12 tobacco producing areas （Honghe, Kunming, Quqing, Chuxiong, Yuxi, and Dali were considered quality tobacco pro- duction areas; Lijiang, Pu＇er, Baoshan, Wenshan, Lincang, and Dehong were considered new developing tobacco pro- ducing areas in recent years） and the corresponding aroma components were tested. Then, using the multiple comparison method and cluster analysis on the aroma contents, the flue-cured tobacco smoke zones were analyzed. [Result]From the middle leaf of flue-cured tobacco, 69 aroma components were detected. Out of all the aroma components, 18 kinds of aro- ma components displayed no significant difference （P〉0.05）, while the other 51 kinds of aroma components showed sig- nificant differences （P〈0.05） in different tobacco producing areas. In the different flue-cured tobacco leaf aroma compo- nents, the total aldehydes showed no significant difference （P〉0.05）, but ketones, alcohols, phenols, heterocyelic, es- ters, acids, and alkenes displayed differences significantly （P〈0.05）. Based on the cluster analysis on different functional group contents of the aroma components, the 12 tested areas could be divided into four categories： the first category in- eluded the 4 tobacco areas of Baoshan, Chuxiong, Wenshan, and Kunming; the second category included the 4 tobacco areas of Lijiang, Lineang, Yuxi, and Pu＇er; the third category included the 2 tobacco areas of Dehong and Honghe; last- ly, the fourth category included the 2 tobacco areas of Dali and Qujing. Based on the aroma substance clustering analysis, the tobacco producing areas could be divided into three large categories： the first category included the 4 tobacco areas of Baoshan, Dehong, Honghe, and Wenshan; the second category included the 5 tobacco areas of Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang, Kunming, and Qujing; finally, the third category included the 3 tobacco areas of Lincang, Pu＇er, and Yuxi. [Conclusion] Through analyzing and evaluating the tobacco aroma substances, both the aroma substance and the composition and pro- portion of the aroma components need to be considered in order to more accurately evaluate the different tobacco leaves in various tobacco producing areas.