SD大鼠坐骨神经体表定位及相关针刺穴位的应用解剖研究

Applied Anatomical Study on Surface Location of SD Rats Sciatic Nerve and Related Acupuncture Points

目的观察SD大鼠坐骨神经体表定位及环跳、阳陵泉穴位的应用解剖情况。方法大鼠局部麻醉后逐层钝性分离出坐骨神经干及其主要分支,游标卡尺定位测量,数码拍摄留存。结果①胫骨上端与股骨大转子的距离为:左(30.56±1.26)mm、右(30.30±0.88)mm;坐骨神经干长度为左(16.89±0.86)mm、右(16.78±1.17)mm;股骨中点与坐骨神经干上缘的距离为:左(4.88±0.51)mm、右(4.98±0.52)mm。②双侧坐骨神经干与股骨形成夹角约30度,大鼠臀上皮静脉对应的体表位置相当于坐骨神经分支处的体表投影点。③SD大鼠股骨长度约为3 cm,坐骨神经干股后段长度约为1.7 cm。结论股骨中点下方0.5 cm处为神经干分支处的开始;股骨中点下方0.5 cm处,结合臀上皮血管体表投影,可指导实验者易于准确定位及结扎坐骨神经干。

Objective To observe the applied anatomy of surface location of SD rats sciatic nerve and related acupoints, such as Huantiao （GB30） and Yanglingquan （GB34）. Methods After local anaesthesia, rats were detached their sciatic nerve trunk and its branchs, then the sciatic nerve was located and measured with the vernier caliper and the samples were observed by taking pictures. Results The distance between the upper end of tibia and greater trochanter of femur was （30.56±1.26） mm on the left, and （30.30±0.88） mm on the right; the length of sciatic nerve trunk was （16.89±0.86） mm on the left, and （16.78±1.17） mm on the right; the distance between the midpoint of femur and superior border of sciatic nerve trunk was （4.88±0.51） mm on the left, and （4.98±0.52） mm on the right. The included angle of bilateral sciatic nerve trunk and femur was 30°; the projective point of the branch of sciatic nerve was located in the corresponding surface location of gluteal epithelial veins. The length of femur was 3 cm and the sciatic nerve trunk in the posterior segment was 1.7 cm. Conclusion The beginning of branch of sciatic nerve trunk was located below 0.5 cm of the midpoint of femur. According to the discovery combined with the surface projection of gluteal epithelial vessels, the experimenter might accurately locate and ligate the sciatic nerve trunk.