万马齐喑究可哀——析东晋诗坛爱国诗歌的稀缺

The Sorrow of Ten Thousand Horses Stand Mute——The Lack of Patriotic Poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

东晋时期,以爱国为主题的诗歌极为少见,原因在于儒家学说受到强烈冲击,不再成为时代主流思想,其地位被以旷达放荡为特征的玄学所取代,玄学严重影响文学创作,诗歌创作普遍脱离现实;个人意识和生命意识在大动乱中觉醒,士人理想幻灭,清谈盛行,安于享乐;东晋朝廷的内部矛盾、对外政策及政治经济措施,阻碍了爱国主题诗歌的产生;又一次民族大融合,民族矛盾并不尖锐;诗歌领域的爱国主题在唐宋以前未得到恰当的开拓;传统的文学观念发生变化,载道文学向娱情文学转化,诗歌的形式得到更多的重视;文学团体共同创作倾向的影响等。

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the poems with patriotism as their theme are extremely rare, and the rea- sons are that the Confucianism is subjected to mightiness impact and no longer becomes the mainstream of the times thought; Its status is replaced by metaphysics characterized by open wild mind, which seriously influences literature, the creation of which widespreadly divorces from reality; Personal consciousness and life consciousness awake in the big tur- moil, scholars disillusion their ideals, make a lot of idle talk and are content with pleasure; The imperial internal contra- diction, foreign policy and political and economic measures in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, obstruct the creation of patriotic poetry; Another national amalgamation makes the ethnic conflict not sharp; Before the Tang and Song Dynasties patriotic theme in the field of poetry had not been properly developed; The traditional literary concept changes from teaching to en- tertainment, and the form of poetry gets more attention; there is a tendency that literary group together to create.