墨学与公共哲学

Mohism and Public Philosophy

公共哲学是拯救个人的,以开化公共性的活私开公为其理念。墨子是以社会公共利益为目标,设定大同理想社会的公共哲学始祖。他站在人民的公共立场,以民意为公共的准则,追求公利,主张兼爱的哲学。兼爱是为公共的"利他",同时也是为了个人的"利自"。兼爱即是克服活私开公的公私二元论。墨子批评该当于公的统治阶级的奢侈与浪费,为了公共的人民基本经济生活的保障,主张"节俭",这也是立足于公共性的。并且,现代公共哲学上重要的主题是和平。为了实现国际公共世界,兼爱非攻的和谐精神是必要的价值理念。墨子为了实现兼爱的大同社会,成立了墨家集团。墨家集团批评属于公的统治者的蛮行和独裁,专在扮演为民的公共利益代言的角色。墨学的最终目的是追求世上的公利。这是与今日新上场的公共哲学在目的上的相通之处。于是,墨学是定立公共哲学的理念的学说,笔者认为墨学对公共哲学的实现有重大启示作用。

The common philosophy is to save individuals,with the concept of open the public as its philosophy.Mo-Tse is the first ancestor of the public philosophy to target an ideal society of social and public interests.He stood in the public position of the people and took the guidelines of public opinion and he pursuit public interest and stick to the philosophy of universal love.Universal love is not only for the public altruistic,but also for individuals benefit.Universal love is dualism of the public and privacy.Mo-Tse criticized the ruling class of the perpetrator,who should have worked for the public,for the luxury and waste.He advocated ＇ thrift for the interest of the people to guarantee the basic economy and living of the people,which is based on the common public.Moreover,the important topic of modern public philosophy is peace.In order to achieve international public world,universal love and non-attack are necessary values for harmonious spirit.In order to achieve universal love,Mo-Tse set up a group of Mohist School.Mo-Tse＇s school criticized the barbarity and dictatorial rulers belonging to the public and they played the roles to speak for the people and public interest.Mohist ultimate goal is the pursuit of the public interest of the world.It shares the common goal with public philosophy.Thus,Mohism is a theory establishing the public philosophy,and the author believes that Monism enlightened greatly the public philosophy.